Unit 2 Short Answer Questions

1. The enclosure movement gave a population rise to cities because all of these farmers that had been shorted out of their land needed a permanent job. At the time, the factory industries were beginning to boom, so these farmers took up jobs working in the factories. This caused many people to be living in unsanitary conditions, and some people became very sick from it. People were so desperate for money, the children would work in small mines in order to keep their family off of the streets. The harsh conditions of these working places, caused many labor unions to be created, to protect these new workers.

2. When many of the lower/middle class families moved to the cities, it caused an increase in poor sanitary conditions. Many of the aristocrats decided to leave the cities so they would not get sick or have to mingle with these lower classes. Anyhow, the location reversals of these classes, caused more of the lower class to be in the cities. Politicians who wanted to be voted into office now had to appeal more to the lower classes rather than to the aristocrats.

3. The decline of slave trading and an increase in immigration caused the creation of many Labor Unions. Now that there were no slaves, the business owners could not find any cheap labor. The American working conditions made immigrants want to join a union because it would pretty much give them a job to work and support their family, but also serve to make sure that these "uneducated factory workers" were not getting ripped off.

Obama Cabinet Elects

Chief of Staff
Well, due to the fact there are only two candidates, I would rather have Rahm Emmanuel as Chief of Staff, because he has experience at the White House and on Capitol Hill. He already has an offensive approach to leading that would somewhat balance out all the defensive points.
Secretary of Defense
I personally believe this should be Colin Powell. He has experience with wars, and would give Obama a republican on his cabinet which would make most of the republicans happy, especially in this position.
Secretary of Education
I think Joel Klein has the most experience out of all the other candidates. He runs the NYC School System which is the biggest School System in the US.
Secretary of Energy
I think Dan Reicher should fill this position because he will use his business savvy to sell our green energy to the world and help our economy. Also, he filled the Assistant Secretary of Energy before.
Head of EPA
I think Robert Sussman is the most qualified out of all candidates because he was Deputy Administrator of EPA in Clinton's First term, so he has experience. Also, he is highly regarded on the aspects of energy.

Population and Wealth of Nations

NOTES on POPULATION
Population growth
-Philosophers
-Intelligence portrays happier society
-crazy people have no grip on reality
-food is needed for humans to exist
-passion between the sexes is undeniable
-human population increases in a geometrical ratio
-Mankind will keep doubling
-plants and animal are impelled by instinct, humans think
-rich people raise wage for lower class, but take away all money for themselves
-war will stop population growth
-more marriages, population increases
-increase purchases
-poor man can't go up in social standings without raising the burden on that class
-even though there is tyranny, people will have sex
-poor population could buy land, so population doubled
-population has no limit

5 MAIN POINTS on WON
-People act in their own interest
-A Free Market will benefit society as a whole
-Outside forces can reduce work force and slow down production
-When you have the will to better yourself, you will advance (Meritocracy)
-Meritocracy leads to better flow in the economy

Simon Bolivar

1."No matter what citizen occupies this office, he will be aided by the
Constitution, and therein being authorized to do good, he can do no harm, because his ministers
will cooperate with him only insofar as he abides by the law. If he attempts to infringe upon the
law, his own ministers will desert him, thereby isolating him from the Republic, and they will
even bring charges against him in the Senate"
-The citizens cannot do anything wrong because they are abiding by the law by putting who they think is responsible into office, so they deserve the freedom to do this.
2. "This weakness can only be corrected by a strongly
rooted force. It should be strongly proportioned to meet the resistance which the executive must
expect from the legislature, from the judiciary, and from the people of a republic. Unless the
executive has easy access to all the administrative resources, fixed by a just distribution of
powers, he inevitably becomes a nonentity or abuses his authority."
-The weaknesses that the people and the government have can be fixed with a democracy, while a radical monarch would ruin things.
3. "Therefore, let the entire system of government be strengthened, and let the balance of power be
drawn up in such a manner that it will be permanent and incapable of decay because of its own
tenuity."
-The entire system of government, not only monarchy but democracy too, must be re structured so that it works. Until then, the Latin peoples must be free in order to prevent an even worse decay.
4. "Precisely because no form of government is so weak as the democratic, its framework
must be firmer, and its institutions must be studied to determine their degree of stability...unless
this is done, we will have to reckon with an ungovernable, tumultuous, and anarchic society, not
with a social order where happiness, peace, and justice prevail."
-The government must work for the people in order for both the economy and everything else to work properly.

Unit 1 Exam Outlines

4. American Revolution Outline
I. The American revolution has been a key role in providing many modern and future Americans with a country that believes in freedom and democracy. The origins of this revolution are very intriguing and involve government debt, monarchy, and a vital sparking point which ultimately caused the war.
II. DEBT
A. Taxes
1.Sugar Act
2.Stamp Act
a.First direct tax on the colonists,tax upon all paper products including playing cards and such.
3.Tea Act
a.Direct tax upon all imported British Tea.
b.People were very upset and decided to begin boycotting against it.
c.Boston Tea Party
B. Wars
1. Britain was in debt due to all of its money going to its military and people back in London. Britain's war costs were too great and caused an increase in taxes mostly on colonists.
III. Monarchy
1. King George III
2. Distance to Crown
a. The colonists were being controlled by a single man across the Atlantic Ocean, who did not even know what it was like in America, who was making rules for how they should live.
IV. Sparking Point
A. Boston Massacre
1. Turning point which started the war, wasn't really a massacre, this is propaganda.
V. Influence
1. This influenced the French Revolution, South American Revolution, Russian Revolution, and many others.
2. This event showed that the underdog could overthrow a monarchy.

5. French Revolution Outline
I. The French Revolution along with the American Revolution have been key in inspiring many other Revolutions around the world.
II.
1.The French revolted from King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. The French too, like the Americans, were placed under large taxes and unfair laws.
A. Third Estate
B. National Assembly
C. Jacobins and Robespierre.
D. Reign of Terror.
E. Committee of Public Safety.
F. Storming of the Bastille.
III.
1. Influenced by the Enlightenment Ideas of Thomas Payne, Voltaire, Rosseau
2. Guillotine
IV. Influences
A. This revolution is influenced by the Enlightenment and the American Revolution, and influences countries like Russia to Revolt against a monarchy.

6. Compare and Contrast the American and French Revolution
I. Causes
1. Monarchy
2. Government debt which caused higher taxes
3. Upper classes did not care about lower classes.
II. Effects
1. Both of these revolutions affected regions like Latin America, Europe, and Asia to revolt against a monarch and create a new type of government.
III. Outcome
1. America
A. Gains independence from mother country and creates a democracy.
2. France
B. Gains freedom from king, then establishes an emperor and recreates the cycle. They revolted against their government rather than their country.
IV. Turning Point
1. America
A. Boston Massacre and Boston Tea Party
2. France
A. Tennis court oaths, storming of the Bastille

Declaration of the Rights of Man

1. All "men" are equal, and social distinctions only help the general public.
2. The entire use of the government is to protect life, liberty, property, and freedom from oppression.
3. The nation holds all power in the government, no single body governs it all.
4. Limits to one's liberty can only be placed upon you by law.
5. Laws only prohibit things that are harmful to society.
6. All citizens are able to participate either by voting, or becoming a rep themselves.
7. Nobody will be arrested unless they do something the law states is wrong.
8. No punishment shall be given unless the law causes it to be so.
9. All persons are innocent until proven guilty.
10. Freedom of opinion unless it disrupts public order.
11. Freedom of speech unless it disrupts public order.
12. Public military forces (police) are used to maintain your rights.
13. People will need to pay contribution (taxes).
14. Citizens have the right to decide numerous things about taxes.
15. Society gets to boss around all politicians for their wishes.
16. Society with no rights protected or separation of church and state is not following a constitution.
17. Nobody's property will be taken unless needed for the law to be upheld.

It is seen that the Declaration looks like the Bible and so can compare these Rights to The Bible. This could be used to show how important it is. This is seen in pictures of the Angel. Also the Pyramid with the eye is on the 1 $ bill (a symbol of the masons).

Common Sense

"Should affairs be patched up with Britain, and she to remain the governing and sovereign power of America, (which as matters are now circumstanced, is giving up the point entirely) we shall deprive ourselves of the very means of sinking the debt we have, or may contract. The value of the back lands, which some of the provinces are clandestinely deprived of, by the unjust extension of the limits of Canada, valued only at five pounds sterling per hundred acres, amount to upwards of twenty-five millions, Pennsylvania currency; and the quit-rents at one penny sterling per acre, to two millions yearly.…"
-Paine is saying that if Britain maintains its role as governing body of the US, then the colonists will lose their possible land towards Canada, and thus, depriving themselves of possible money to solve the debt.

"To which I reply, that our military ability at this time, arises from the experience gained in the late war, and which in forty or fifty years time, would have been totally extinct.…"
-Paine is stating that the experience from the French and Indian war will be lost if the colonists do not rise up and fight for what they believe in.

"But if you say, you can still pass the violations over, then I ask, hath your house been burnt? Hath your property been destroyed before your face? Are your wife and children destitute of a bed to lie on, or bread to live on? Have you lost a parent or a child by their hands, and yourself the ruined and wretched survivor? If you have not, then are you not a judge of those who have. But if you have, and can still shake hands with the murderers, then are you unworthy the name of husband, father, friend or lover, and whatever may be your rank or title in life, you have the heart of a coward, and the spirit of a sycophant."
-Paine is stating that the Loyalists or Tories, should not pass judgment upon the rebels because they have not suffered what they have. This appeals to the colonists because it helps favor the colonists' reason to rebel.

Links
Questions 1 and 2: http://www.answers.com/topic/excerpt-from-common-sense-1776-by-thomas-paine
(This has the excerpt not the answers to Paine's Pamphlet-Common Sense)
Question 3:www.bradenshistory.com/US/Unit%201%20-%20Revolution/Common%20Sense%20by%20Thomas%20Paine.doc -
(This is a download for the Pamphlet)

What is Enlightenment? -Immanuel Kant

1. Kant believes that freedom is the ability for somebody to freely think for themselves rather than being told what to think.
2. Kant feels freedom is so important to the Enlightenment because it allows men to enlighten not only themselves, but other people by use of their free thinking.
3. People become enlightened by freeing themselves from immaturity, laziness, and strict thinking. They should be in a free environment where nobody has any objection to what others are thinking.
4. Politics and Enlightenment are alike because if people are enlightened about their politics, they will favor the current monarch more.
   

Roman Republic

The Consul and the President can be compared as the leaders of both Republics. They both have the power of veto, however there is only one president when compared to two consuls. Consuls had to be either 41 or 42 years of age to run, where the president has to be approximately 36. Now the Praetor and the Supreme Court Judges can be compared to one another because they basically do the same thing things.

Senate meetings were either held inside or out of the city, however in America, these meetings always take place in the same area. Next, Aediles were split exactly into the two parties, however in American Government, there is no equal amount of anything, it is solely based upon votes

Pericles Funeral Oration

1. Pericles states that the one thing that makes Athens great is their self reliance as an individual and their form of government, democracy.
2.This differs from other city-states like Sparta and others that have Oligarchies or Monarchies.
3.One problem in Pericles' description of Athens is that Athens is an amazingly confident military and they win almost all battles.

Playdough and Aristootle Notes

• Playdough- aristocrat family was kings mom married pericles
• Aristotle
• Plato- watched socrates execution died 347
• left athens through italy and egypt then came back to athens
• founded the academy
• atlantis
• hell
• cavemen faced away from entrance looking at shadows
• desiring-wanted more
• spirited- enjoyed life
• rational- educated

Aristotle

• Desciple plato circa 384-322
• scientific
• personal physician of king of athens (dad)
• moved at 17
• 20 years
• made a teacher
• roamed around and lives in Asia Minor
• Maecedonian King Philip 2
• Taught Alex the Great
• goes back to Athens
• Starts Lyceum Parapetic classes
• Morning class (esoteric) Afternoon (Exoteric)
• Forced out of town
• lives in private house
• students wrote books for him
  
• 170+ texts
• Ethics, Meta Physics
• Believed in Geocentricity
• Pythagorous- soul was trapped in body Aristotle- Detached
• Moral virtues
• Intellectual virtues
• Only achieved by upper classmen
• Women were only good at housework and making babies
  

Top Ten World Issues

#10 Poverty-Due to an increase in High School dropout rates, many people around the world are not maintaining jobs to support themselves or family. This causes the government to fix the problem and puts that in debt.
#09 Education-More High Schoolers are dropping out of school now that last year, this will cause an increase in unemployment not only in the U.S, but in China and other countries as well.
#08 Drugs/Narcotics- This is a huge problem everywhere in the world, it will always be there and cannot be solved, as long as drugs exist, people will continue to use them.
#07 Human Population- Many places in the world have an overcrowding due to an increase in babies for the past several years. If this goes unfixed, humans may need to find a new place to live.
#06 The Media-Does not focus enough on important things instead of Paris Hilton and Brittany Spears.
#05 Tibet-I personally think that what China is doing to Tibet is wrong and that is just my opinion.
#04 China-Another big threat to the world...these people are crazy.
#03 HIV/AIDS-This is killing more people daily than were killed in the Civil War! This is a huge issue that can potentially affect everybody you care about including yourself. There should be huge efforts to find a cure for it.
#02 Terrorism-The Twin Towers were knocked down and killed many people because of Osama bin Laden and to know that he hasn't been caught just sickens me.
#01 Iran-I think that Iran is the biggest threat to the world right now because they have the capability of a nuclear weapon and seeing as that they aren't too fond of Israel or USA I think it is the biggest world issue in the world.

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